NHS North West Genomics
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Inter Laboratory Workflow (ILW)

References

  1. IHE Inter Laboratory Workflow
  2. IHE Laboratory Technical Framework Supplement Inter-Laboratory Workflow (ILW)

Actors and Transactions

Actor Definition
Requestor A hospital laboratory that subcontracts a part of an Order or of an Order Group to another laboratory, e.g. Pathology or HODS. Is known in IHE LTW as Order Placer
Subcontractor Receives Sub-orders, acknowledges specimen arrival and sends back results fulfilling these Sub-orders, e.g. Genomics. Is known in IHE LTW as Order Filler

Overview

See Ref 1 for details.

IHE ILW Summary

IHE ILW Summary


graph LR;

    OrderPlacer

    subgraph OrderFiller;
        

        OrderManagement --> WriteReport
    end

    ExtOrderPlacer[External OrderFiller] 
    OrderManagement --> |"Laboratory Order LAB-35<br/>reflex or sub-contract"| ExtOrderPlacer
    ExtOrderPlacer --> |Laboratory Report LAB-36| OrderManagement 

    OrderPlacer --> |Laboratory Order LAB-1| OrderFiller
    WriteReport --> |Laboratory Report LAB-3| OrderPlacer

    classDef purple fill:#E1D5E7;

    classDef yellow fill:#FFF2CC;
    classDef pink fill:#F8CECC
    classDef green fill:#D5E8D4;
    classDef blue fill:#DAE8FC;
    classDef orange fill:#FFE6CC;

Sub-orders LAB-35 and LAB-36

sequenceDiagram
    participant clinician as Order Placer<br/>Clinician (EHR)
    participant nurse as Specimen Collection<br/>Clinician/Nurse
    participant LIMS as Order Filler<br/>LIMS 
    participant Sub as Subcontractor<br/>e.g. other GMSA

    clinician -->> clinician: Creates Order
    note over clinician,LIMS: IHE LAB-1 Laboratory Order
    clinician ->> LIMS: Sends Laboratory Order
    clinician -->> nurse: Requests specimen collection
    nurse -->> nurse: Collect Specimen
    nurse -->> LIMS: Ship Specimen
    opt
        LIMS-->> LIMS : Perform Test
    end
    note over LIMS,Sub: IHE LAB-35 Sub-order Management
    LIMS ->> Sub: Send Reflex Order
    LIMS -->> Sub: Ship Specimen
    Sub -->> Sub : Perform Test
    Sub -->> Sub: Write Report
    note over LIMS,Sub: IHE LAB-36 Sub-order Results Delivery
    Sub ->> LIMS: Sends Laboratory Report
    opt
        LIMS -->> LIMS: Write Report
    end
    note over clinician,LIMS: IHE LAB-3 Laboratory Report
    LIMS ->> clinician: Sends Laboratory Report

Sub Order Management (LAB-35)

Used by these Use Cases:

Sub-order Results Delivery (LAB-36)

Used by these Use Cases:

Modernisation

The current IHE ILW specification relies on HL7 v2.x, HL7 v3, and IHE XDS. Several modernization paths are available, most of which focus on adopting FHIR, updating relevant IHE profiles, and shifting from Clinical Documents (HL7 CDA and FHIR Documents) to IHE QEDm for data exchange.

IHE ILW Modernisation with FHIR

IHE ILW Modernisation with FHIR


Scenarios

NHS England Genomic Order Management Service FHIR API

See NHS England Genomic Order Management Service (GOMS) for the future use of the GOMS FHIR API to deliver sub-contracted orders (LAB-35) to, and receive results (LAB-36) from, other GMSAs.

See Haemato-Oncology Diagnostic Pathway for the CFT Shire → HODS-orchestrated reflex use case (pathology test order following on to a genomics test order, and the HODS-orchestrated haematological malignancy pathway), including the NHS North West Children Cancer notification example.

Options

Variations on the basic LTW scenario.

Order Order Placer MUST include Ordering Facility (ODS Code) if the Order Filler is outside the organisation (i.e. ICS Pathology Lab or Regional Genomics Lab). Order Filler MUST respond with a Report Identifier and the Order Identifier (if supplied in the Order) in the laboratory report.

sequenceDiagram
    participant OrderPlacer as Requestor<br/>(Order Placer - Laboratory) 
    participant OrderFillerGenomics as Subcontractor<br/>(Order Filler - Genomics Laboratory) 

    OrderPlacer ->> OrderFillerGenomics: Places Laboratory Order (Order Identifier 1. Optional Visit/Spell Number A)
    OrderFillerGenomics -->> OrderPlacer: Returns Laboratory Report (Report Identifier 1 & Order Identifier 1. Optional Visit/Spell Number A)

Orchestrated Order

e.g. Haematology and oncology services

The specialty is responsible for sending a consolidated report to the Order Placer. For both the Pathology and Genomics Orders, the original Order Identifier SHOULD be included in the order (ServiceRequest.basedOn)

sequenceDiagram
    participant OrderPlacer as Order Placer
    participant OrderFillerSpecialty as Requestor<br/>(Order Filler - Specialty)  
    participant OrderFillerPathology as Subcontractor<br/>(Order Filler - Pathology Laboratory)
    participant OrderFillerGenomics as Subcontractor<br/>(Order Filler - Genomics Laboratory)
  

    OrderPlacer ->> OrderFillerSpecialty: Places Order (Order Identifier 1 & Visit/Spell Number A)
    alt Pathology Diagnostic Testing
        OrderFillerSpecialty ->> OrderFillerPathology: Places Laboratory Order (Order Identifier 2 & Visit/Spell Number A)
        OrderFillerPathology -->> OrderFillerSpecialty: Returns Laboratory Report (Report Identifier 1, Order Identifier 2 & Visit/Spell Number A)
    end
    alt Genomic Diagnostic Testing
        OrderFillerSpecialty ->> OrderFillerGenomics: Places Laboratory Order (Order Identifier 3 & Visit/Spell Number A)
        OrderFillerGenomics -->> OrderFillerSpecialty: Returns Laboratory Report (Report Identifier 2 , Order Identifier 3 & Visit/Spell Number A)
    end

    OrderFillerSpecialty -->> OrderPlacer: Returns (Discharge/Hospital?) Report (Report Identifier 3, Order Identifier 1 & Visit/Spell Number A)

Reflex Order

Is this around cancer? Is similar to above but both Lab and Genomics use the specimen for testing, so the genomic order is raised by the Pathology Lab.

Who has the responsibility for sending the genomic report to the Order Placer?

For the Reflex Order, the original Order Identifier SHOULD be included in the order (ServiceRequest.basedOn)

sequenceDiagram
    participant OrderPlacer as Order Placer

    participant OrderFillerPathology as Requestor<br/>(Order Filler - Pathology Laboratory) 
    participant OrderFillerGenomics as Subcontractor<br/>(Order Filler - Genomics Laboratory)
  
    OrderPlacer ->> OrderFillerPathology: Places Order (Order Identifier 1, Visit/Spell Number A and Specimen Accession Number X)
    OrderFillerPathology -->> OrderPlacer: Returns Report (Report Identifier 1, Order Identifier 1, Visit/Spell Number A  and Specimen Accession Number X)
   
    alt Reflex (Genomic) Diagnostic Testing
        OrderFillerPathology ->> OrderFillerGenomics: Places Laboratory Order (Order (Filler) Identifier 2,  Visit/Spell Number A and Specimen Accession Number X)
        OrderFillerGenomics -->> OrderFillerPathology: Returns Laboratory Report (Report Identifier 2, Order Identifier 2, Visit/Spell Number A and Specimen Accession Number X)
    end
    OrderFillerPathology -->> OrderPlacer: Returns Report (Report Identifier 2, Order Identifier 1, Order Identifier 2, Visit/Spell Number A  and Specimen Accession Number X)

Sub Contract

Genomic Lab sub contracts to another Genomics Lab for testing.

For the Sub Contracted Order, the original Order Identifier SHOULD be included in the order (ServiceRequest.basedOn)

sequenceDiagram
    participant OrderPlacer as Order Placer

    participant OrderFillerGenomics1 as Requestor<br/>(Order Filler - Genomic Laboratory 1) 
    participant OrderFillerGenomics2 as Subcontractor<br/>(Order Filler - Genomic Laboratory 2)
  

    OrderPlacer ->> OrderFillerGenomics1: Places Order (Order Identifier 1, Visit/Spell Number A and Specimen Accession Number X)

    alt Sub Contracted Genomic Diagnostic Testing
        OrderFillerGenomics1 ->> OrderFillerGenomics2: Places Laboratory Order (Order Identifier 2, Visit/Spell Number A and Specimen Accession Number X)
        OrderFillerGenomics2 -->> OrderFillerGenomics1: Returns Laboratory Report (Report Identifier 2, Order Identifier 2, Visit/Spell Number A and Specimen Accession Number X)
    end

    OrderFillerGenomics1 -->> OrderPlacer: Returns Report (Report Identifier 1, Order Identifier 1, Visit/Spell Number A  and Specimen Accession Number X)

Security Considerations

Includes: